The Tafsir of Surat Al-Fatihah (Chapter 1)
Which was revealed in Makkah
The Meaning
of Al-Fatihah and its Various Name
This
Surah is called Al-Fatihah, that is, the Opener of the Book, the Surah with
which prayers are begun. It is also called, Umm Al-Kitab (the Mother of the
Book), according to the majority of the scholars. In an authentic Hadith
recorded by At-Tirmidhi, who graded it Sahih, Abu Hurayrah said that the
Messenger of Allah said,
الْحَمْدُ للهِ رَبَ الْعَالَمِينَ أُمُّ الْقُرْآنِ وَأُمُّ الْكِتَابِ وَالسَّبْعُ الْمَثَانِي وَالْقُرْآنُ الْعَظِيمُ
(Al-Hamdu
lillahi Rabbil-`Alamin is the Mother of the Qur'an, the Mother of the Book, and
the seven repeated Ayat of the Glorious Qur'an.) It is also called Al-Hamd and As-Salah, because the Prophet said that his Lord said,
قَسَمْتُ الصَّلَاةَ بَيْنِي وَبَيْنَ عَبْدِي نِصْفَيْنِ، فَإِذَا قَالَ الْعَبْدُ:الْحَمْدُدِلله رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ، قَالَ اللهُ: حَمِدَنِي عَبْدِي
(` The prayer (i.e., Al-Fatihah) is divided into two
halves between Me and My servants.' When the servant says, ` All praise is due to Allah,
the Lord of existence,' Allah says, 'My servant has praised Me.') Al-Fatihah
was called the Salah, because reciting it is a condition for the correctness of
Salah - the prayer. Al-Fatihah was also called Ash-Shifa' (the Cure). It is
also called Ar-Ruqyah (remedy), since in the Sahih, there is the narration of
Abu Sa` id telling the the story of the Companion who used Al-Fatihah as a
remedy for the tribal chief who was poisoned. Later, the Messenger of Allah
said to a Companion,
وَمَا يُدْرِيكَ أَنَّهَا رُقْيَةٌ
(How did you
know that it is a Ruqyah) Al-Fatihah was revealed in Makkah as Ibn ` Abbas,
Qatadah and Abu Al-` Aliyah stated. Allah said,
وَلَقَدْ ءاتَيْنَـكَ سَبْعًا مِّنَ الْمَثَانِي
(And indeed, We have
bestowed upon you the seven Mathani) (seven repeatedly recited verses), (i.e.
Surat Al-Fatihah) (15:87). Allah knows best. | How many Ayat does Al-Fatihah contain |
There is no disagreement over the view that Al-Fatihah contains seven Ayat.
According to the majority of the reciters of Al-Kufah, a group of the
Companions, the Tabi`in, and a number of scholars from the successive
generations, the Bismillah is a separate Ayah in its beginning. We will mention
this subject again soon, if Allah wills, and in Him we trust
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