| Reciting Al-Fatihah is required in Every Rak`ah of the
Prayer
All of these facts testify to the requirement that reciting the Qur'an
(Al-Fatihah) in the prayer is required, and there is a consensus between the
scholars on this ruling. The Hadith that we mentioned also testifies to this
fact, for the Prophet said,
مَنْ صَلَّى صَلَاةً لَمْ يَقْرَأْ فِيهَا بِأُمِّ الْقُرْآنِ فَهِيَ خِدَاجٌ
(Whoever performs any prayer in which he did not recite Umm Al-Qur'an, his
prayer is incomplete.)
Also, the Two Sahihs recorded that `Ubadah bin As-Samit said that the
Messenger of Allah said,
لَا صَلَاةَ لِمَنْ لَمْ يَقْرَأْ بِفَاتِحَةِ الْكِتَابِ
(There is no prayer for whoever does not recite the Opening of the Book.)
Also, the Sahihs of Ibn Khuzaymah and Ibn Hibban recorded that Abu Hurayrah
said that the Messenger of Allah said,
لَا تُجْزِئُ صَلَاةٌ لَا يُقْرَأُ فِيهَا بِأُمِّ الْقُرآنِ
(The prayer during which Umm Al-Qur'an is not recited is invalid.)
There are many other Hadiths on this subject. Therefore, reciting the Opening
of the Book, during the prayer by the Imam and those praying behind him, is
required in every prayer, and in every Rak`ah.
|
وَلاَ تَسْتَوِى الْحَسَنَةُ
وَلاَ السَّيِّئَةُ ادْفَعْ بِالَّتِى هِىَ أَحْسَنُ فَإِذَا الَّذِى بَيْنَكَ
وَبَيْنَهُ عَدَاوَةٌ كَأَنَّهُ وَلِىٌّ حَمِيمٌ وَمَا يُلَقَّاهَاإِلاَّ
الَّذِينَ صَبَرُواْ وَمَا يُلَقَّاهَآ إِلاَّ ذُو حَظِّ عَظِيمٍ
وَإِمَّا
يَنزَغَنَّكَ مِنَ الشَّيْطَـنِ نَزْغٌ فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّهِ إِنَّهُ هُوَ
السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ
(Repel (an evil) with one which is better, then verily he with whom there was
enmity between you, (will become) as though he was a close friend. But none is
granted it except those who are patient ـ and none is granted it except the
owner of the great portion (of happiness in the Hereafter, i.e. Paradise and of
a high moral character) in this world. And if an evil whisper from Shaytan tries
to turn you away (O Muhammad ) (from doing good), then seek refuge in Allah.
Verily, He is the Hearing, the Knowing.) (41:34-36) These are the only three
Ayat that carry this meaning. Allah commanded that we be lenient human enemy, so
that his soft nature might make him an ally and a supporter. He also commanded
that we seek refuge from the satanic enemy, because the devil does not relent in
his enmity if we treat him with kindness and leniency. The devil only seeks the
destruction of the Son of Adam due to the vicious enmity and hatred he has
always had towards man's father, Adam. Allah said,
﴿فَإِذَا قَرَأْتَ
الْقُرْءَانَ فَاسْتَعِذْ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَـنِ الرَّجِيمِ ﴾
إِنَّهُ لَيْسَ لَهُ
سُلْطَانٌ عَلَى الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَعَلَى رَبِّهِمْ يَتَوَكَّلُونَ - إِنَّمَا
سُلْطَـنُهُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يَتَوَلَّوْنَهُ وَالَّذِينَ هُم بِهِ مُشْرِكُونَ
(So when you ﴿want to﴾ recite the Qur'an, seek refuge with Allah from Shaytan,
the outcast (the cursed one). Verily, he has no power over those who believe and
put their trust only in their Lord (Allah). His power is only over those who
obey and follow
him (Satan), and those who join partners with Him.) (16:98-100)
Seeking Refuge before reciting the Qur'an
(So when you ﴿want to﴾ recite the Qur'an, seek refuge with Allah from Shaytan,
the outcast (the cursed one).) meaning, before you recite the Qur'an. Similarly,
Allah said
﴿إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلوةِ
فاغْسِلُواْ وُجُوهَكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ﴾
(When you intend to offer As-Salah (the prayer), wash your faces and your hands
(forearms)) (5:6) meaning, before you stand in prayer, as evident by the Hadiths
that we mentioned. Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri said, "When the
Messenger of Allah would stand up in prayer at night, he would start his prayer
with the Takbir (saying "Allahu Akbar''; Allah is Greater) and would then
supplicate,
سُبْحَانَكَ اللَّهُمَّ وَبِحَمْدِكَ، وَتَبَارَكَ اسْمُكَ، وَتَعَالَى جَدُّكَ،
وَلَا إِلَهَ غَيْرُكَ
(All praise is due to You, O Allah, and also the thanks. Blessed be Your
Name, Exalted be Your sovereignty, and there is no deity worthy of worship
except You.)
He would then say thrice,
لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللهُ
ثَلَاثًا
(There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah,).
He would then say,
أَعُوذُ بِاللهِ السَّمِيعِ الْعَلِيمِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ مِنْ هَمْزَهِ
وَنَفْخِهِ وَنَفْثِهِ
(I seek refuge with Allah, the Hearing, the Knowing, from the cursed Satan,
from his coercion, lures to arrogance and poems.).''
The four collectors of the Sunan recorded this Hadith, which At-Tirmidhi considered the most famous Hadith on this subject.
Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah recorded that Jubayr bin Mut`im said that his father said, "When the Messenger of Allah started the prayer, he said,
اللهُ أَكْبَرُ كَبِيرًا ثَلَاثًا الْحَمْدُ للهِ كَثِيرًا ثَلَاثًا سُبْحَانَ
اللهِ بُكْرَةً وَأَصِيلًا ثَلَاثًا اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ
الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ مِنْ هَمْزِهِ وَنَفْخِهِ وَنَفْثِهِ
(Allah is the Greater, truly the Greatest (thrice); all praise is due to Allah
always (thrice); and all praise is due to Allah day and night (thrice). O Allah!
I seek refuge with You from the cursed Satan, from his Hamz, Nafkh and
Nafth.).'' `Amr said, "The Hamz means asphyxiation, the Nafkh means arrogance,
and the Nafth means poetry.'' Also, Ibn Majah recorded that `Ali bin Al-Mundhir
said that Ibn Fudayl narrated that `Ata' bin As-Sa'ib said that Abu
`Abdur-Rahman As-Sulami said that Ibn Mas`ud said that the Prophet said,
اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الشَّيطَانِ الرَجِيمِ وَهَمْزِهِ وَنَفْخِهِ
وَنَفْثِهِ
(O Allah! I seek refuge with You from the cursed devil, from his Hamz, Nafkh
and Nafth.)
He said, "The Hamz means death, the Nafkh means arrogance, and the Nafth means poetry.''
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